8th ( irish ) battalion
king's liverpool regiment
Among the dead was the Battalion's Field Commander major Harry Leech, who was killed along with six officers and 27 other ranks; two hundred had been wounded and 88 were believed missing. Severe manpower shortages necessitated restructuring in early 1918 with the intent of alleviating the problem of understrength divisions. the reorganisation involved the amalgamation or disbandment of numerous battalions, including the first and second lines of the Liverpool Irish. The majority of the 1/8th's strength was dispersed to the King's Battalions of the 165th Brigade; the 1/5th, 1/6th ( Liverpool Rifles ) and 1/7th. Those retained were interrgrated with the second line, located near Pont-de-Nieme. The Liverpool Irish reverted to its prefix-less designation under the Command of Liuetenat-Colonel Edward C.Heath, formerly of the 1/8th. Containing 52 officers, and 927 other ranks, the consolidated 8th Battalion was assigned to the 171st Brigade and first entered the trenches in the L'Epinette sector in early February.
The succession of Allied offensives exhausted the German Military and resulted in terribly high casualties on both sides. A counter-offensive initiated on the 18th July forced a German withdrwal. On 8th August, General Sir Douglas Haig authorised the begining of a series of unltimately decisive battles that became collectively known as the " Hundred Days". Positioned south-east of Arras, the Liverpool Irish was committed to battle on 1st September with the object of supporting the 2/6th King's in capturing the previously assaulted village of Reincourt and straightening out the line. The Battalion's Brigade achieved its objectives taking 650 prisoners in the process. Momemtum was maintained into late September and October with the breaching of the Hindenburg Line. the Battalion participated in the 57th Division's advance east and contribution to the capture of Cambrai, albeit in a limited capacity, before being moved north to the bethune district on 13th October.
The succession of Allied offensives exhausted the German Military and resulted in terribly high casualties on both sides. A counter-offensive initiated on the 18th July forced a German withdrwal. On 8th August, General Sir Douglas Haig authorised the begining of a series of unltimately decisive battles that became collectively known as the " Hundred Days". Positioned south-east of Arras, the Liverpool Irish was committed to battle on 1st September with the object of supporting the 2/6th King's in capturing the previously assaulted village of Reincourt and straightening out the line. The Battalion's Brigade achieved its objectives taking 650 prisoners in the process. Momemtum was maintained into late September and October with the breaching of the Hindenburg Line. the Battalion participated in the 57th Division's advance east and contribution to the capture of Cambrai, albeit in a limited capacity, before being moved north to the bethune district on 13th October.
Below, the Hindenburg Line with countless rows of barbed wire protecting it.
The final weeks of the 57th Division's war involved sustained advances and sparodic fighting, culminating in the liberation of Lille. Abandoned by the retreating German garrison, Lille was first entered by elements of the 2/7th King's on 17th October. Cameras recorded the rapturous crowds greeting the Liverpool Irish and other battalions for a newsreel entitled " The Deliverance of Lille by Haig's Men ". The Battalion conducted its final offensive action in the vanguard of its brigade, arriving at Flers unoposed and continuing to lead the advance until the 21st
Minor engagements had occurred near the villages of Honnevain, Mont Garni and Froyennes. Nine days later on the 30th, the Liverpool Irish withdrew to billets in Hellemmes, east of Lille, and remained there until the end of the war.
Hostilities ceased after the signing of the Armistic on the 11th Novemebr 1918. The Liverpool Irish noted the cessation in the battalion war diary with the enetry " Armistic signed " Almost four years of service on the Western Front had resulted in the Liverpool Irish incurring thousands of casualties. Losses during the period of attachment to the 55th Division alone amounted to 475 officers and men dead; 1,575 wounded; and 410 missing.
Demobilisation commenced after the Armistice, first reducing the 8th ( Irish ) Battalion to a small cadre and finally completing with a formal disembodiment on 14th June 1919. The British Armed Forces was itself reduced in size after the impostion of the " Ten Year Rule " and enactment of many of the recommendations proposed by the Geddes Committee that sought to reduced national expenditure- a process which became known as the
" Geddes Axe ". Within the British Army, nine calvary regiments and more than 22 infantry battalions ceased to exist: The Liverpool Irish disbanded on 31st March 1922
Minor engagements had occurred near the villages of Honnevain, Mont Garni and Froyennes. Nine days later on the 30th, the Liverpool Irish withdrew to billets in Hellemmes, east of Lille, and remained there until the end of the war.
Hostilities ceased after the signing of the Armistic on the 11th Novemebr 1918. The Liverpool Irish noted the cessation in the battalion war diary with the enetry " Armistic signed " Almost four years of service on the Western Front had resulted in the Liverpool Irish incurring thousands of casualties. Losses during the period of attachment to the 55th Division alone amounted to 475 officers and men dead; 1,575 wounded; and 410 missing.
Demobilisation commenced after the Armistice, first reducing the 8th ( Irish ) Battalion to a small cadre and finally completing with a formal disembodiment on 14th June 1919. The British Armed Forces was itself reduced in size after the impostion of the " Ten Year Rule " and enactment of many of the recommendations proposed by the Geddes Committee that sought to reduced national expenditure- a process which became known as the
" Geddes Axe ". Within the British Army, nine calvary regiments and more than 22 infantry battalions ceased to exist: The Liverpool Irish disbanded on 31st March 1922
world war ii
The Territorial Army was expended in March 1939 and the Liverpool Irish resultingly reformed with headquarters at the Embassy Rooms, Mount Pleasant. Recruitment commenced in May under the supervision of the battalion's first Commanding Officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Ernest Michael Murphy. Upon Murphy's retirement in 1940, Colonel William Henry Hynes transferred from the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers and assumed command. For three years the battalion trained and was assigned various duties across Britain, initially in Morcombe and Yorkshire. As Allied plans to invade occupied France developed in 1943, the Liverpool Irish was selected to form the nucleus of the 7th Beach Group. The group's obejective on an invasion beach were to maintain organisation, secure positions, and provide defence against counter-attacks. Extensive specialist training occured in Ayshire and other parts of Britain under the Command of Lieutenant-Colonel W.J Humphrey.
On the 30th May, the Liverpool Irish moved from its camp in southern England to the port of Southampton and embarked aboard tropships and landing craft in early June. Part of the Liverpool Irish embarked aboard the Ulster Monarch, formerly a passenger ship on the Belfast-Liverpool line. After a delay of 24-hours, the invasion fleet proceeded to Normandy on 5th June. The 7th Beach Group landed at " Juno Beach " with the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division on the 6th June 1944. Two companies of the Liverpool Irish were assigned to the " Mike Green "
and " Mike Red " areas at Graye-sur-Mer.
On the 30th May, the Liverpool Irish moved from its camp in southern England to the port of Southampton and embarked aboard tropships and landing craft in early June. Part of the Liverpool Irish embarked aboard the Ulster Monarch, formerly a passenger ship on the Belfast-Liverpool line. After a delay of 24-hours, the invasion fleet proceeded to Normandy on 5th June. The 7th Beach Group landed at " Juno Beach " with the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division on the 6th June 1944. Two companies of the Liverpool Irish were assigned to the " Mike Green "
and " Mike Red " areas at Graye-sur-Mer.
Juno Beach Normandy, 6th June 1944
Juno Beach was one of the landing sites for the Allied invasion of occupied France. It was situated between Sword beach and Gold beach. The landing in this area was assigned to the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division ( with the 2nd Canadian Armoured Brigade ) Juno beach stretched from Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer on the east to Courseulles-sur-Mur on the west. Both assault formations were placed under the Command of British 1 Corps for the initial phase of the invasion and did not come under Canadian command again until July 1944 and the establishment of II Canadian Corps heaquarters in Normandy.
Juno was the most heavily defended of the five landing sites chosen. General Wilhelm Richter was in charge of the 716th Division guarding the beach, with 11 heavy batteries of 155mm guns and 9 medium batteries of 75mm guns at his disposal. Additionally, pillboxes and other fortifications were present all along the beach most heavily concentrated in the Courselles-sur-Mer region. The seawall proved a formidable barrier and was heavily mined. Aerial bombardment of Juno beach in the days leading up to D-Day caused no significant damage to the German fortifications. The Naval bombardment running from 06:00 to 07:30 hrs and including everything from battleships to fire from tanks and artillery sitting on transport ship decks only managed to destroy 14 percent of the bunkers guarding the beach, and owing to weather delays the Germans had half an hour to regroup between
cessation of bombardment and landing of Canadian troops. The Canadian troops were scheduled to land on the beaches at 07:30 following the bombardment, but were forced to postpone the landing by fifteen minutes owing to the weather. Their Objectives were to assault the coast from Graye-sur-Mer to Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer, then to link up with the British on Sword beach. Juno beach was divided into three sectors, " Love " to the west, " Mike " in the middle and " Nan " to the east. The 7th Brigade supported by the 6th Canadian Armoured Regiment, 1st Hussars were to land and control Mike sector. The 8th Brigade, supported by the 10th Canadian Armoured Regiment ( The Forty Garry Horse ) landed on Nan sector. The 9th Brigade was in reserve.
In the first hour of the assault on Juno beach, the fighting was bitter, with sniper and machine-gun fire cutting across the beach . Men lumbered forward under their heavy loads, desperately seeking what cover they could, being directed and guided to forming up points by men of the Beach Group, who were trying to protect and organise the landing area. The Canadians began to work their way through the obstacles and minefields. Pillboxes were eliminated with small arms fire and grenades. Not more than three thousand Canadians took ppart in the first wave of the assault, and they took heavy casualties. DD tanks arrived on the beaches and helped to wipe out those stroong points that still survived. After some bitter hand- to- hand fighting the Canadians cleared the gun positions and started to make their way inland. By noon the entire 3rd Canadian was ashore and leading elements had pushed several kilometres inland to sieze bridges over the Seulles River.
By 6:00pm they had captured the town of Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer. A 1st Hussars armoured troop reached its objective along with men of the Queen's Own Rifles of Canada before nightfall, when both units moved 15km inland and crossed the Caen-Bayeux highway. However this troop was forced to pull back because they had passed the supporting infantry. By the end of D-Day, the 3rd Canadian Division had penetrated farther than any other Allied force. The price in casualties back the beaches was high, with 340 men killed, 57 wounded and 47 taken prisoner.
Juno was the most heavily defended of the five landing sites chosen. General Wilhelm Richter was in charge of the 716th Division guarding the beach, with 11 heavy batteries of 155mm guns and 9 medium batteries of 75mm guns at his disposal. Additionally, pillboxes and other fortifications were present all along the beach most heavily concentrated in the Courselles-sur-Mer region. The seawall proved a formidable barrier and was heavily mined. Aerial bombardment of Juno beach in the days leading up to D-Day caused no significant damage to the German fortifications. The Naval bombardment running from 06:00 to 07:30 hrs and including everything from battleships to fire from tanks and artillery sitting on transport ship decks only managed to destroy 14 percent of the bunkers guarding the beach, and owing to weather delays the Germans had half an hour to regroup between
cessation of bombardment and landing of Canadian troops. The Canadian troops were scheduled to land on the beaches at 07:30 following the bombardment, but were forced to postpone the landing by fifteen minutes owing to the weather. Their Objectives were to assault the coast from Graye-sur-Mer to Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer, then to link up with the British on Sword beach. Juno beach was divided into three sectors, " Love " to the west, " Mike " in the middle and " Nan " to the east. The 7th Brigade supported by the 6th Canadian Armoured Regiment, 1st Hussars were to land and control Mike sector. The 8th Brigade, supported by the 10th Canadian Armoured Regiment ( The Forty Garry Horse ) landed on Nan sector. The 9th Brigade was in reserve.
In the first hour of the assault on Juno beach, the fighting was bitter, with sniper and machine-gun fire cutting across the beach . Men lumbered forward under their heavy loads, desperately seeking what cover they could, being directed and guided to forming up points by men of the Beach Group, who were trying to protect and organise the landing area. The Canadians began to work their way through the obstacles and minefields. Pillboxes were eliminated with small arms fire and grenades. Not more than three thousand Canadians took ppart in the first wave of the assault, and they took heavy casualties. DD tanks arrived on the beaches and helped to wipe out those stroong points that still survived. After some bitter hand- to- hand fighting the Canadians cleared the gun positions and started to make their way inland. By noon the entire 3rd Canadian was ashore and leading elements had pushed several kilometres inland to sieze bridges over the Seulles River.
By 6:00pm they had captured the town of Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer. A 1st Hussars armoured troop reached its objective along with men of the Queen's Own Rifles of Canada before nightfall, when both units moved 15km inland and crossed the Caen-Bayeux highway. However this troop was forced to pull back because they had passed the supporting infantry. By the end of D-Day, the 3rd Canadian Division had penetrated farther than any other Allied force. The price in casualties back the beaches was high, with 340 men killed, 57 wounded and 47 taken prisoner.
